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Every Oracle database has an alert log named alertdb_namelog (where db_name is the name of the database) The alert log captures major changes and events that occur during the running of the Oracle instance, including log switches, any Oracle-related errors, warnings, and other messages In addition, every time you start up the Oracle instance, Oracle will list all your initialization parameters in the alert log, along with the complete sequence of the start-up process You can also use the alert log to automatically keep track of tablespaces that are created and data files that are added or resized The alert log can come in handy during troubleshooting it is usually the first place you should check to get an idea about what was happening inside the database when a problem occurred.

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In fact, Oracle support may ask you for a copy of the pertinent sections of the alert log during their analysis of database problems Oracle puts the alert log in the location specified for the BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter If you don t specify a value for this parameter, Oracle places the alert log in a default location For example, on HP-UX machines, the default location for the alert log is $ORACLE_HOME/ rdbms/log Commonly, it is located in a directory called bdump, which stands for background dump directory To find out where the alert log is located, issue the following command: SQL> SHOW PARAMETER background dump NAME TYPE VALUE ----------------------------------------------background_core_dump string partial background_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/product/1020/db_1/orcl/bdump To see if there are any Oracle-related errors in your alert log, simply issue the following command (finance is the database name in this example): $ grep ORA- alert_finance.

clear hostname=`cat /proc/sys/kernel/hostname` echo echo -e "System Report for $white$hostname$normal on `date`" echo

log ORA-1503 signalled during: CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "FINANCE" RESETLOGS.. ORA-1109 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL.. ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments:[12333], [0], [0], [0], [], [], [], [] As you can see, several Oracle errors are listed in the alert log for the database finance A regular scan of your database for all kinds of Oracle errors should be one of your daily database management tasks You can easily schedule a script to scan the alert log and then e-mail you the results You can also use the OEM Database Control (or Grid Control) interface to quickly review any errors in your alert log files..

Oracle requires that you specify three different trace file directories in your initialization file: the background dump directory, the core dump directory, and the user dump directory. You specify the background dump directory using the BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST parameter. This directory holds the debugging trace files for the background processes (LGWR, DBWn, and so on) that Oracle writes during instance operation. The background dump directory also contains the alert log file for the database instance (discussed in the previous section).

You specify the location of the core dump directory with the CORE_DUMP_DEST parameter. The core dump directory holds any core files generated during major errors such as the ORA-600 internal Oracle software errors. You specify the location of the user dump directory using the USER_DUMP_DEST initialization parameter. The Oracle server will write all debugging trace files on behalf of a user process to the user dump directory. All trace files you generate using Oracle s SQL tracing features (explained in s 21 and 22) will show up here.

To be able to use the disk for storing your data, directories and a file system must be created for you by the system administrator You also need all the proper rights to read from and write to these directories and files Then, when you create a tablespace, you assign it these data files Before you create a database, your system administrator will assign a certain amount of disk space for the database based on your initial sizing estimates All the administrator gives you are the assigned mount points for the various disks (for example, /prod01, /prod02, /prod03, and so on) You then need to create your directory structure under the mount points After you install your software and create the Oracle administrative directories, you can use the remaining file system space for storing database objects, such as tables and indexes.